Cycles, relativity and behaviours

This week I strayed into the absolutist world of free-banking enthusiasts.

Now, it’s not like I haven’t come across these guys before — they lurk everywhere — but this week I discovered they don’t just represent an extreme economic faction, they (like goldbugs, bitcoiners etc) seem to be reason and logic deniers.

I’ve written about this before so I don’t want to bore people. But the main issue I have with them is that they appear to have no understanding or appreciation of the cyclicality of systems or the fact that whenever we’ve had free-banking systems they’ve resulted in chaos or alternatively co-beneficial collusion to the point the system is not free by the standard definition of free.

It’s really not a difficult point to understand. Systems are cyclical. And as Chris Cook always says there is a fundamental paradox inherent in the system which drives that cyclicality: namely, if it’s liquid it’s not neutral and if it’s neutral it’s not liquid.

This comes down to the fact that value is based on asymmetry.

Nor do the free-banking enthusiasts appreciate that central banks are mostly the product of private cartels. Nor do they appreciate that most economies already feature a huge plethora and mix of public and private monies that trade side by side. Nor do they appreciate that it was standardizing certain subjective values like weights, distances, time itself that has allowed society to cooperate, grow and thrive. (If we all had a different understanding of when 3pm is, there would be chaos.)

Last of all, and the thing that really annoys me is that they don’t seem to realise that stability is assured by the private sector acting in opposition to the public sector, both keeping each other honest, (so acting more riskily and competitively if the public sector is proving too rigid, and acting more prudently and wisely if the public sector is corrupt and behaving too imprudently). And it goes without saying that the public sector offers a similar counterbalance the other way.

There’s another issue that came up, which is caveat emptor society. Free bankers seem to want society to be free to make mistakes on its own. They consequently advocate a Wild West model where no one can trust anyone and everyone has to do the due diligence themselves, and because you’re so busy not trusting anyone nothing useful, beautiful or constructive can get done.

They also think it’s a perfectly logical proposition to have people reconcile all scams and fraud on an ex post-facto basis via private arbitration. i.e they don’t think people should be protected by laws or promises of recourse to higher bodies.

To me this is nuts for two reasons: 1) ex post-facto justice is usually a luxury that only the elite can afford, or in the best-case scenario is provided to the poor only if large amounts of them are ripped off in the same way allowing for a class action suit. 2) are they really trying to tell us that it’s better for society to implement punishment on a post-facto basis only and forget about prevention?

Furthermore they seem to completely forget the part about enforcement.

I’m not saying that ex post-facto “you have to get burned so as to learn from the experience” justice isn’t appropriate in many instances, especially when it comes to crimes and frauds that regulators and authorities haven’t anticipated yet. I’m just saying society should — as ever — be a blend of both systems: preventative and caveat emptor. We need both and in varying degrees, because as one begins to over dominate the other it needs to be snapped back and tested, and so on.

 

21 thoughts on “Cycles, relativity and behaviours

  1. This post, as the saying goes, is so bad it’s not even wrong. No data, no references to historical episodes, no acknowledgement of any of the very careful writings of the free banking school. Just bald-faced name-calling.

    • It’s a blog post on a personal diary blog. Get over it. But if you want sources try reading Charles Goodhart’s paper on the matter since his views are largely exactly the same. But perhaps you think his position as a former BOE mpc member is also not sufficiently informed?

      http://www.nber.org/papers/w8717

      And also, the history is available here on the original post that sparked the personal observation post.

      http://ftalphaville.ft.com/2014/11/21/2049012/private-money-vs-totally-public-money-plus-some-history/

      And if anyone is bald faced name calling it’s you because you obviously haven’t got the foggiest about who I am or what the context to my writing is. As Marshall McLuhan would say “you know nothing of my work”.

      • “you know nothing of my work”

        Well, that’s an age-old problem isn’t it? The snippets of your work that I have seen do not invite further study.

      • Fine by me. All I can do is assure you that I am familiar with the literature on free banking, I simply side with Goodhart’s general view that all roads lead to cartels, and eventually to central banking. And that if they don’t the system self-destructs due to too much competition and value destruction. You just need to look at what’s going on with Bitcoin to see the same exact thing repeating itself over and over. Note the actual title of the piece is “CYLCES”. If you’re in a disagreement about the idea that the economy is somehow cyclical, behavioral and dynamic, that’s a very bold claim to be making.

      • Oh, and btw – I also believe that cyclicality goes the other way. Too much central banking and prudence ends up creating endogenous conditions for private money supply. Which, again, is what’s been happening with cryptocurrency. They’re offsetting forces. It’s really not a very heterodox view. But thanks for your feedback anyway. I value it comes from a source who has made a name pushing for a specific resolution and has never backtracked or adapted that view, and is 100% sure he is right. I on the other hand freely admit that I often change my mind when the facts are presented compellingly to make an alternative case.

    • Actually, seems to me the book is all about the oligoplistic nature of free banking. Which is precisely my point. I don’t disagree with its conclusions on deposit insurance either. If you’d care to read more of my work you’d see that I blame the crisis on the fact that public money could no longer be easily differentiated from private money, which meant the whole thing became entangled and added bad incentives to the private money sector by allowing them to issue unsuitable liabilities for the use of money, which were inevitably going to corrupt the more prudent official sector. My issue with free banking is not that it shouldn’t exist, my point is that it is never going to be stable. If it’s truly competitive it will be inordinately risky, and thus unstable, and if it’s stable, it will only be as competitive as the most stable system, which is a cartel system. Thus, all free-banking roads lead to cartel systems. But as with Opec or any other cartel system, there’s no guarantee members won’t break ranks and cheat the cartel rules. Deposit guarantees made cheating the system much easier because there was no price information passed on to the liabilities of private banks taking huge risks.
      This is why I very specifically conclude that the best system is a HYBRID system. One where the private sector money can clearly compete with public sector money, and not be entangled in the system so that if it goes bad there is no systemic overspill. That way, if it’s the government that is imprudent, the private sector money can also have the opportunity to outperform. The problem is, most private money systems self-destruct because of competitive pressures. It’s cyclical.

  2. Goodhart indeed believes that central banking is inevitable, but he nonetheless still treats the free banking theorists with respect. If he considered them to be “reason and logic deniers,” I doubt he would have written the laudatory forward to Good Money, Selgin’s monograph on Britain’s successful private coinage episode.

    You wrote: whenever we’ve had free-banking systems they’ve resulted in chaos or alternatively co-beneficial collusion to the point the system is not free by the standard definition of free

    Australia is the only example that comes to mind for the former[1]; could you please give an example of the latter? In Scotland, Larry White (citing Scottish banking historians Checkland and Munn) notes that 1) competition kept interest rate spreads competitive and 2) market shares of note issue, # of branches, and paid-up capital were quite evenly distributed among the top 20 or so banks (as of 1845, before the Scottish Banking Act). In Canada, Bordo and Redish conclude that the reasons for establishing the Bank of Canada in 1935 were primarily political, not economic.

    • If you read Goodhart you’ll see that Scotland was de facto supported the Bank of England and was also collusive.
      And the tone of the blog is an irrelevance. This is not an academic paper, or even a formerly published article. It’s a BLOG POST. Get over yourself.

      • Get over yourself.

        No, you get over YOURSELF 🙂 LOLZ if u wanna treat ur blog like FB thats ok

  3. This isn’t to say that I believe free banking is unquestionably superior to central banking; it’s a difficult question that requires open-minded evaluation of theory and experience. Considering that most economics and finance students have never even heard of the Scottish, Canadian, Australian, and other free banking episodes, I feel it’s fair to say that the free banking side has undeservedly received short shrift.

    [1] Even the Australian NGDP crash might have been averted–without a central bank–had there been in place a version of the compensated dollar plan described in detail by David Glasner in his book Free Banking and Monetary Reform . Now you wouldn’t call him a “reason and logic denier,” would you? 🙂

    • The reason I call them logic deniers is because they deny the power of cycles. Specifically, they deny anacylosis. Even if you have a free banking system for any period of time, to suggest it is perfect and incorruptible is beyond naive. Everything is cyclical and everything gets corrupted eventually. There is no corruption proof system when the uncapped upside is being able to print your own money. And free-banking if it has succeeded on the stability side is down to the same coincidental luck that has allowed central banking to succeed on the stability side from time to time. Just the way sometimes in history there have been benevolent dictators that have been great for society. None of that means they system should be taken for granted. Everything is dynamic, and responsive.

      • Sure, cycles are inevitable. The question is, who should we bail out: Wall Street or regular folks (via helicopter drops, tax rebates, or Miles KImball’s Federal lines of credit)? These types of stabilization policies are not incompatible with a free (or freer) banking/financial system.

        By far, the biggest complaint free bankers have with the current system is TBTF. That doesn’t fit with the hints you’ve dropped that free bankers are somehow the lackeys of the financial elite. As Ashwin says, the problem is not the invisible hand, it’s the lack of the “invisible foot.”

      • I’ve already addressed this in the comments below. Freebanking evolves into cartels which then (like with any cartel) can be disciplined of not disciplined. The issue with too big too fail was indiscipline was disguised by national deposit guarantees. So they borrowed off the reputation of the sovereign from the get go. This is why regulators are now desperately focused on bringing caveat emptor back to the banking system via buyside behaviours adaption. It’s a cycle. You can’t escape that. And my point is only compliance with protection of marginal value in mind can keep the system stable, which is the point of central banking. But that creates the incentive to cheat the system by taking undue risk. The central bank has an interest in bailing out the TBTF banks if it can prevent systemic meltdown. That’s the point. And it wouldn’t do so if it didn’t think the system couldn’t afford it, which means being able to transform private banking liabilities into public liabilities only to the degree that inflation is controlled.

  4. My beef with “free banking people” is actually that I do not know what they want. As far as I know everything they want to achieve is possible in the current system.

    If you are freedom loving libertarian you can live your life never to even hold government currency. Modern financial system enables you to pay for everything using debit card tied to your account in whatever money you like, including private currencies such as bitcoin. I see no reason why it even has to be money, technically I see no difference if you pay for groceries in Germany by dollar credit card or if you pay for it in let’s say “Apple Stocks” credit card. All it takes is for the financial intermediary to sell your assets for whatever type money is requested by your counterpart on the fly as you conduct the transaction.

    So I really see no reason to fret about these things. Do you despise FED and you like Bank of Japan more? Open account in Japanese bank, ask for credit card and use it. Are you bicoin freak ? You can use Xapo Debit Card. Free banking people literally have what they always wanted in front of them. I really do not understand what else they want.

    • J.V. – actually that’s precisely how I feel as well. You summed up my thinking perfectly. The system already allows for competition. Sure the guarantee system arguably skews the information load of the private liabilities we use as alternative substitutes for cash, but that information regarding quality is bestowed upon the system by other ways, namely the rates these institutions can charge and the value of their equity.

      I find it really strange they’ve all got their knickers in a twist over my post given that my whole point is that the best system is a hybrid system which allows for public money to trade side by side with private money and offer the public refuge if they freak out.

      • In fact, I’ll add to say that I’m surprised they’ve focused their efforts on demonising me, when the more obvious candidate is the crew from Positive Money that wants to entirely nationalise the banking system. A policy I do not agree with!!

  5. Pingback: The rather curious and awkward alliance of statists and libertarians against free banking | Spontaneous Finance

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